DISCIPLINES
Geoscientists
Geoscientists study the composition, changes and history of the earth. Historical data and samples are studied to determine a likely area for the existence of an ore body. Geologists, Geochemists and Geophysicists conduct programs of exploration and research to extend knowledge of the structure, composition and processes of the earth, to locate and identify hydrocarbon, mineral and groundwater resources, to plan and implement programs of hydrocarbon and mineral extraction and to assess and mitigate the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment. They are employed by petroleum and mining companies, consulting geology, geophysics and engineering firms and by governments and educational institutions or they may be self-employed.
The range of job opportunities for earth scientists, or geoscientists, is vast. Geoscientists are responsible for finding new mineral sources that will become the mines of the future, providing the economic foundation for rich and developing nations. As well, using advanced technology such as satellites, geoscientists can record the physical processes that shape the planet. They contribute to the protection of the planet through their studies of the environment. They help decide sources and management of water supplies and of adequate energy resources, and are involved in determining the storing of waste products. Geoscientists also contribute to the understanding and prediction of natural disasters, from earthquakes and landslides to volcanic eruptions and floods.
In the minerals industries, careers in the geosciences encompass the study of mineral deposits, exploration for new resources, development and mining of ore deposits, and environmentally-safe disposal of waste materials from mining operations. Geology students with career goals in the minerals industries should expect to study all of the core areas of geology, including mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, structural geology, stratigraphy and palaeontology. As well, specialized courses in mineral deposits geology, exploration geochemistry and geophysics are usually taken.
Canada, a country rich in natural resources, has much need for geoscientists. They can determine the size of reserves of non-renewable energy resources, such as oil, gas, coal and uranium, as well as that of minerals and metals, and what it will cost to develop them. They play a vital role in determining the economic and environmental potential of minerals extraction in the Canadian north. They can also map out the economic mineral potential of Canada’s continental shelf. Mineral resources have played a vital role in the development of Canada, leading to the opening up of many frontier areas. Efficient, environmentally-sound production of mineral resources will continue to be a cornerstone of Canada’s economy. Research into the discovery of deeply buried resources is necessary to keep Canada at the forefront of global minerals production.