Guide to the Evaluation of Gold Deposits
Preface
The Work Plan
Acknowledgments and Authorship
Sponsors
Disclaimer
Summary of the Guide
Contents
Part 1. Evaluation Methods
Chapter 1. The Mineral development Process
Axes of Mineral Development
Phases of Mineral Development
Stages of Mineral Development
Inventory/Classification Systems
Chapter 2. The Problems of Mineral Deposit Evaluation
Industry Efficiency
Errors in the Evaluation Process
The Causes and Errors
The Search for Quality
Chapter 3. Geological Framework
Geological Features of Gold Deposits
Mapping/Logging Methods
Information Management
Interpretation and Modelling
Gold-Deposit Models
Legal Aspects
Environment
Summary of Application Guides
Chapter 4. Sampling Optimization
Geological and Mining Samples
Development Sampling: Case Studies
Optimization Guides for Sampling
Chapter 5. Assaying Efficiency
Precision Versus Accuracy
Type Problems of Sampling for Gold
Sample Preparation and Assaying for Gold
Case Studies
Application Guides
Chapter 6. Estimation of Volumes, Masses, and Grades
Context and Problems of Mineral Deposit Estimation
Current Estimation Practices
Geological Framework of the Deposit
Traditional Estimation Methods
Geostatistical Estimation Methods
Girds, Margins of Error, and Inventories
Calculating the Margins of Error
Estimation Case Studies
Application Guides
Chapter 7. Mining Aspects
Objectives
Mine Engineering
Exploitation Policies and Choices
Open-pit Mining
Underground Mining
Case Studies
Application Guides: Design and Planning
Application Guides: Production/Reserve Reconciliation
Chapter 8. Ore-processing Aspects
Research and Engineering
Mineralogy and Sampling
Gold Concentration/Extraction
Testing and Engineering Design
Gold-plant Sampling and Control
Predicting Metallurgical Variability and Recovery
Chapter 9. Environment Protection
Social and Political Context
Engineering Perspective
Regulatory Objectives
General Requirements
Mine Rehabilitation and Funding
Corporate Strategies and Tactics
Chapter 10. Economic Perspectives
Perspectives of Economic Appraisal
Marketing and Prices
Chapter 11. Feasibility, Economic Analysis, Decision
Objectives of Feasibility Studies
General Considerations and Geological and Engineering Aspects
Start-up Costs and Break-in Period
Economic Aspects
Economic Analysis
Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis
Risk Analysis
Financial Strategies
Corporate Policies and Industry Attitudes
Decision
Chapter 12. Professional Standards
The Role of Mineral-industry Professionals
Professional Standards
The Expert Committee
Perspectives
Part 2. Classification of Reserves and Resources
Summary
Chapter 13. Current Classifications
Introduction
Hoover Classification
Canadian Securities Regulations
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
USGS Resource/Reserve System
APEO Reserve Definitions (1986)
Canadian Classification Systems
EXXON System
Australasian Code
IMME Proposal
SME Proposal
Other Classifications
Chapter 14. Critical Review of Reserve Classification
Significant Aspects of Existing Definitions
Reference Axes of the Systems
Ore Reserves and Resources
Categories and Classes
Quantitative Aspects
Chapter 15. Revised Classification of Reserves/Resources
Objectives and Guiding Principles
Definitions of Reserves/Resources
A Plan for Reform
Comparisons with Other Systems
Case Studies
Guidelines
References
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APPENDIX
The following ten papers provide more recent perspectives on quality management and continuous improvement, sampling, deposit delineation and estimation, resource/reserve inventories and production quality management.
Quality Control Requirements for More Reliable Mineral Deposit and Reserve Estimates
M. Vallée, M. Dagbert and D. Côte
Reproduced from CIM Bulletin, Volume 86, No. 969, p. 65-75, April 1993.
Reviewing Continuity: An Essential Element of Quality Control for Deposit and Reserve Estimation
A. J. Sinclair and M. Vallée
Reproduced from Exploration and Mining Geology, Volume 3, No. 2, p. 95-108, 1994.
Quality Assurance: a Tool to Maximize Returns on Exploration, Deposit Appraisal and Mining Investments
M. Vallée
Reproduced from CIM Bulletin, Volume 92, No. 1027, p. 45-54, February 1999.
Sampling Quality Control
Marcel Vallée
Reproduced from Exploration and Mining Geology, Volume. 7, Nos. 1 & 2, p. 107-116, 1998.
Ore Variability: Exercises in Geometallurgy
K.J. Ashley and M.I. Callow
Reproduced with permission from Engineering and Mining Journal, Volume 201, No 2, p. 24-28, February 2000.
Resource/reserve Inventories: What Are the Objectives?
M. Vallée
Reproduced from CIM Bulletin, Volume 92, No. 1031, p. 151-155, June 1999.
Mineral Resource + Engineering, Economic and Legal Feasibility = Ore Reserve
M. Vallée
Reproduced from CIM Bulletin, Volume 93, No. 1038, p. 53-61, March 2000.
From Ore to Ferroalloy at Niobec Mine: the Role of the Geologist in Iso 9002 Implementation
D. Villeneuve and E. Dénommé
Reproduced from CIM Bulletin, Volume. 90, No. 1007, p. 43-47, February 1997.
NWMA:Improve Management Skills for More Profitable Projects
Reproduced with permission from Engineering and Mining Journal, Volume 201, No 1, p. 16, January 2000.
How Have We Done?
Chris Gypton
Reproduced with permission from Engineering and Mining Journal, Volume. 203, No 1, p. 40-46, January 2002.
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